The former player: 'I wanted to carry on my rugby career'
Important note: This article contains descriptions of discriminatory comments and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racism in professional rugby brought his professional journey to an early end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the sport, displaying Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what went on," he explained to reporters.
"I wanted to carry on playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when news came out that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the fate and understand that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "likely correct", but said it could not collect sufficient proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him earn 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I have had several distressing experiences within England camp," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has placed considerable attention on inclusion and inclusion in rugby union and a great deal of work completed both prior and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the elite level to strive for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face training on building inclusive cultures, with its success monitored via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from damaging behaviour.
"You should be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff died soon after the filming of the film, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with children in under-served communities and support them succeed on and off the field with free sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is willing to tell their story then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more confident fellow players will become about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I need to take the challenge by the opportunity and keep carrying this flag and continue supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I honestly believe that rugby has the ability to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in late 2022